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| Registros recuperados: 60 | |
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| Barrett, Christopher B.; Reardon, Thomas. |
| This paper starts from the premise that diversification of assets, activities, and incomes is important to African rural households, in that diversification into nonfarm income constitutes on average about 45 percent of incomes, and the push and pull factors driving that diversification are bound to persist. From that premise, we noted that the empirical study of diversification has been beset by practical problems and issues relating to (1) definitions and concepts, (2) data collection, and to (3) measurement of the nature and extent of diversification. The paper addressed each of those problems. Two points are of special interest to the overall conceptualization of diversification research. The first is that empirical studies have exhibited a wide... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; O; Q12. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14734 |
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| Dentoni, Domenico; Reardon, Thomas. |
| Agri-food small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can enter global food chains by pursuing niche marketing strategies, where a narrow segment of customers perceives high benefits of food products that compensate their high prices and do not require large volumes of supply (Humphrey, 2005). To serve a niche of global customers, building a brand is challenging but crucial. Brands are crucial as they provide signals of the overall quality of products, as well as create an image that differentiates them from competitors (Keller, 1993). Building a brand is particularly important for firms that aspire to have a product image associated to credence attributes (Darby and Karni, 1973; Humphrey, 2005). Credence attributes are quality features that cannot be... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Development. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58006 |
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| Kelly, Valerie A.; Diagana, Bocar N.; Reardon, Thomas; Gaye, Matar; Crawford, Eric W.. |
| Senegal has experienced a number of spurts in agricultural production and productivity growth since independence, yet average trends from 1960 through 1993 have been either stagnant (in terms of aggregate production and yields), or negative (in terms of real value of production). Although use of animal traction is ubiquitous, current crop production in the Peanut Basin must be characterized as low external input farming. Farmers are unanimous in their belief that the most important constraint to improving agricultural output is their inability to obtain desired quantities of peanut seed. Inadequate seed has led to lower peanut income and a diminished capacity to purchase productivity-enhancing inputs: aging animal traction equipment is not being replaced,... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Downloads July 2008 - July 2009: 37. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54051 |
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| Jayne, Thomas S.; Tschirley, David L.; Rubey, Lawrence; Reardon, Thomas; Staatz, John M.; Weber, Michael T.. |
| This report is a synthesis of views presented at the Confronting the Silent Challenge of Hunger USAID Conference, June 28-29, 1994. The purposes of the conference were to provide information to assist AID in defining and articulating its development strategy related to agriculture and food security, to identify issues of consensus for incorporation into future AID strategy, and to identify critical issues of ongoing debate which need to be resolved. |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Food Security and Poverty; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 8; F35. |
| Ano: 1995 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54699 |
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| Neven, David; Reardon, Thomas; Odera, Michael M.; Wang, Honglin. |
| The rise of supermarkets in Kenya has given rise to a new group of medium-sized farms managed by well-educated farmers. Focusing on kale, the essay shows that nearly all supermarket-channel farmers have the capacity to supply larger volumes year round and have transportation vehicles, an irrigation system, a packing shed, a cellular phone, and so on, pointing to the existence of a threshold capital vector which farmers must have in order to access supermarkets. Especially farm size and irrigation were found to be significant determinants of participation in the supermarket channel. Kale suppliers to supermarkets use more capital intensive production technologies, leading to average labor and land productivities which are 60-70% higher than in the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11667 |
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| Neven, David; Katjiuongua, Hikuepi; Adjosoediro, Ingrid; Reardon, Thomas; Chuzu, Pia Nwanza; Tembo, Gelson; Ndiyoi, Mukelabai. |
| Market liberalization in Zambia has led to a rapid and fundamental transformation of its dairy sector. Mainly through foreign direct investment and international partnerships, a new formal dairy sector, characterized by institutional, organizational and technological innovation, emerged from the ashes of abandoned government projects. Sensing the development opportunity that arose from an untapped milk supply potential in Zambia's traditional smallholder livestock production and a growing milk demand from the newly emerging formal dairy processing sector, numerous donor-funded smallholder dairy farmer support programs emerged. At the same time, in order to protect its domestic market as well as to be in a better position to enter demanding export markets,... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11701 |
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| Reardon, Thomas; Codron, Jean-Marie; Busch, Lawrence; Bingen, R. James; Harris, Craig. |
| The role of G&S has shifted from a technical instrument to reduce transaction costs in homogeneous commodity markets to a strategic instrument of competition in differentiated product markets. The nature of G&S has shifted from performance (realized characteristics of the product) to process standards. In developing countries, these changes have tended to exclude small firms and farms from participating in market growth, because of the implied investments. The three strategic responses to G&S change by agribusiness firms and farms include: (1) by large firms and multinationals, to create private G&S and private certification, labeling, and branding systems; (2) by medium-large domestic firms, to lobby governments to adopt public G&S... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34227 |
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| Barrett, Christopher B.; Bezuneh, Mesfin; Clay, Daniel C.; Reardon, Thomas. |
| A burgeoning recent literature emphasizes "livelihood" diversification among smallholder populations (Chambers and Conway 1992, Davies 1993, Ellis 1998, Bryceson 1999, Ellis 2000, Little et al. 2001). While definitions vary within this literature, the concept of livelihoods revolves around the opportunity set afforded an individual or household by their asset endowment and their chosen allocation of those assets across various activities to generate a stream of benefits, most commonly measured as income. This holistic perspective has the potential to enhance our understanding of the strategies that farm households pursue to ensure food and income security given the natural and economic environment in which they operate. Diversification patterns... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; O & Q12. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14761 |
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| Reardon, Thomas; Odera, Michael M.; Neven, David. |
| Are the rural poor excluded from the market opportunities created by the rise of supermarkets in developing countries? We analyzed the farm-level impact of supermarket growth in Kenya's produce sub-sector which is dominated by smallholder producers. Two main findings emerged. First, the existence of a threshold capital vector at the entrance of the supermarket channel does hinder the entry of small, rainfed farms. Instead, the main supply response has come from a new group of medium-sized, fast-growing farms managed by well-educated farmers. Second, the heavy reliance on and higher wages paid to hired farm workers on supermarket-channel farms help to alleviate poverty for rural households with little land. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11534 |
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| Registros recuperados: 60 | |
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